What is the current state of lighting design in our school classrooms? What are the requirements of national standards for school lighting design? For school classroom lighting design, what should we do in the end more reasonable?
According to the survey, the problems of our school classroom lighting environment are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. The illuminance of blackboards and desks is lower than the illuminance value specified in the national standard, and students are studying in a low illuminance environment for a long time.
2. no special blackboard light, or blackboard light installation is not standardized. Such as the use of ordinary simple fluorescent lamps as a blackboard light, not only the blackboard illumination is low, low visibility. Students can also see the direct glare of the lamp when watching the blackboard, which is very easy to cause visual fatigue.
3. generally are using low quality, low price, high energy consumption, technology stays in the last century 60s or 70s level of simple fluorescent lamps, and more use of inductive ballasts, there is a serious stroboscopic effect.
4. the general use of soft hanging, ceiling fans and installed above the lamps, ceiling fans and lights at the same time, there is a serious light swing, light shaking phenomenon.
5. the classroom are generally used in high color temperature (6500K) light color cold fluorescent tubes.
What are the national regulations on classroom lighting design?
General Classroom: A classroom where the teacher teaches class work to students. It is mainly used for daytime teaching, supplemented by nighttime teaching and self-study, with projection teaching and examination functions. The area is usually between 50-80 square meters. Students focus on reading and writing, taking into account looking at the blackboard; teachers focus on teaching and writing, taking into account observing students' facial expressions.
Illumination standard:
Classroom desktop (0.75 horizontal surface) illumination: 300lx
Blackboard surface (vertical surface) illuminance: 500lx
Uniformity:
Classroom desktop uniformity (minimum illuminance / average illuminance): > 0.7
Blackboard surface uniformity (minimum illumination / average illumination): > 0.8
Lighting power density:
General classroom: LPD value ≤ 8
Lamp type: LED eye protection lamp
Color temperature: 4000-5000K
Color rendering index: Ra>90
Classroom lighting design what to do specifically to be reasonable?
The brightest spots or surfaces are usually the most noticeable, and in classroom lighting design, the brightest desks and chalkboards should be the brightest to ensure student focus.
1. Ordinary classroom desks are regularly arranged, it is appropriate to use the grille top grille on the general lighting method of uniform cloth lights. To reduce the glare area and light curtain reflection area, fluorescent lamps and lanterns should be arranged vertically.
2. Classroom downlight fixtures such as vertical blackboard can be arranged over the channel, so that the classroom desk to form the side or both sides of the surface to light, better lighting effect.
3. To ensure uniformity of illumination, the lighting program should make the distance to height ratio (L / h) is not greater than the maximum allowable distance to height ratio of the selected lamps and lanterns. If you can not meet the above conditions, you can adjust the spacing and lamps hanging high, you can also increase the lamps or replace the lamps to meet the requirements.
4. Lighting installation height has a certain impact on the lighting effect. Lighting installation height increases, the illumination decreases. Installation height decreases, the impact of glare increases, uniformity decreases. General classroom lighting installation height from the ground should be 2.5 ~ 2.9m, from the height of the classroom desktop should be 1.7 ~ 2.1m.
5. Classroom lighting control should be parallel to the direction of the external windows, zoning, group control (blackboard lighting switch on a separate installation), there is a projection screen, the lighting in close proximity to the projection screen should be able to be turned off independently.
6. In places such as lecture halls and large classrooms with multimedia teaching, it is appropriate to set up lighting for recording notes and general lighting used in multimedia teaching, general lighting is appropriate to use dimming.
7. Reasonable arrangement of light sources can not only save resources, and can create a more favorable lighting light environment. In the daytime, the classroom is single-sided natural lighting, by the window part and by the corridor part of the brightness difference is very large. Therefore, the lighting equipment should be zoned control, when the window into the classroom light is sufficient, can only open the corridor side of a row of lights, so that the illumination is evenly distributed.
Selection of light source
Classroom light source to choose energy-efficient products, should start from the psychological feeling of teachers and students to create a comfortable teaching environment. The choice of lamps should pay attention to safety is the most important, in addition to whether the lamps and lanterns have radiation, etc. will cause harm to the health of students. The choice of lamps should be high color rendering index, so as to better protect students' vision and reduce the incidence of myopia.
With the development of science and technology, LED lights are popularized and applied. Its advantages are obvious, small size and light weight, heat generation is much lower than ordinary lighting fixtures, durable and not easy to damage, ultra-low power consumption, electro-optical power conversion close to 100%, the same lighting effect than the traditional light source energy saving more than 80%, long life, service life of up to 60,000 to 100,000 hours, more than 10 times longer than the traditional light source life.
With the development of science and technology, LED lights are popularized and applied. Its advantages are obvious, small size and light weight, heat generation is much lower than ordinary lighting fixtures, durable and not easy to damage, ultra-low power consumption, electric and optical power conversion close to 100%, the same lighting effect than the traditional light source energy saving more than 80%, long life, service life of up to 60,000 to 100,000 hours, more than 10 times longer than the traditional light source life.
Students' visual comfort, psychological feeling and concentration are related to the ambient color temperature. The most suitable color temperature range of LED lighting fixtures, should be close to the sun's natural white light color temperature range, is the most scientific choice, the general LED lights natural light is the color temperature taken 4700 ~ 5300K.
Glare Suppression
Glare is the main cause of glare. The inappropriate distribution and range of brightness in the field of view and the existence of extreme brightness contrast in space and time can lead to glare. The phenomenon that causes glare is called glare, and the main harm of glare is to produce residual images, destroy dark adaptation, trigger visual fatigue, and affect the learning effect.
1. Control direct glare
Direct glare is caused by the lighting source directly into the line of sight when students look at the direction of the blackboard, the following measures can be used to control direct glare.
a. The lamps should be arranged in such a way that the long axis is parallel to the main line of sight of the students and perpendicular to the lower blackboard. The lamps are arranged over the vertical blackboard channel as much as possible, so that the desktop forms a side or two side lighting and better lighting effect.
b. In the selection of lighting, control the brightness of the light source, the lighting brightness limit curve and the use of the average brightness curve of the lighting control test. The average brightness of the light fixture in all directions is less than the brightness limit value specified in the limitation curve within the range from 45° angle above the farthest fixture sag line to the critical angle γ. The classroom uniform glare value UGR shall not be higher than 19. It is a good choice to choose anti-glare downlight.
2. Control reflected glare and light curtain reflection
Glare caused by reflections from specific surfaces is often referred to as light curtain reflections and reflected glare. It will change the visibility of the operating surface and is often harmful. The following measures can be taken to reduce light curtain reflection and reflected glare.
a. Consider the arrangement of downlight fixtures and work surfaces to avoid installing lamps in the interference zone, such as lamps installed in the area directly above the work position 40 ° away.
b, From the room surface decoration considerations, the use of low gloss surface decoration materials.
c, From the lamp brightness considerations, should limit the lamp surface brightness should not be too high.
d, From the surrounding brightness considerations, should illuminate the ceiling and wall to reduce the brightness contrast, but avoid the appearance of light spots.
The quality of classroom lighting design directly affects the mood and emotions of teachers and students, and is related to the learning efficiency and psychological health of students. ADAYO lighting anti glare downlights will be a good choice. The design of lighting should not only reflect the energy-saving economy, but also consider the illumination, color rendering, light color, glare and other factors on teachers and students, and try to create a beautiful learning environment for teachers and students under the premise of meeting the requirements of national regulations.
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HUIZHOU FORYOU OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD
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